diff --git a/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp_shared.go b/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp_shared.go
index f840846b..a08c9bb5 100644
--- a/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp_shared.go
+++ b/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp_shared.go
@@ -20,15 +20,9 @@ func (t *Transport) exchangeWithTransports(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Ms
 		callback(nil, E.New("invalid domain: ", domain))
 		return
 	}
-	nameExchangers := make([]transport.AsyncExchanger, 0, len(names))
-	for _, fqdn := range names {
-		nameExchangers = append(nameExchangers, t.newNameExchanger(message, fqdn, state.serverTransports))
-	}
-	if len(state.serverTransports) == 1 || !(question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
-		transport.ExchangeSequential(ctx, nameExchangers, nil, callback)
-	} else {
-		transport.ExchangeRace(ctx, nameExchangers, callback)
-	}
+	transport.ExchangeNames(ctx, names, question, func(fqdn string) transport.AsyncExchanger {
+		return t.newNameExchanger(message, fqdn, state.serverTransports)
+	}, callback)
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) newNameExchanger(message *mDNS.Msg, fqdn string, serverTransports []adapter.DNSTransport) transport.AsyncExchanger {
diff --git a/dns/transport/exchange_strategy.go b/dns/transport/exchange_strategy.go
index 92faff1c..c85d3bb6 100644
--- a/dns/transport/exchange_strategy.go
+++ b/dns/transport/exchange_strategy.go
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ package transport
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 
@@ -80,60 +82,62 @@ type sequentialCallState struct {
 	continued bool
 }
 
-// ExchangeRace runs all exchangers concurrently; the first success wins and
-// cancels the rest, and when all fail the errors are aggregated.
-func ExchangeRace(ctx context.Context, exchangers []AsyncExchanger, callback func(response *mDNS.Msg, err error)) {
-	if len(exchangers) == 0 {
-		callback(nil, E.New("missing exchangers"))
+func ExchangeNames(ctx context.Context, names []string, question mDNS.Question, exchangerFor func(fqdn string) AsyncExchanger, callback func(response *mDNS.Msg, err error)) {
+	if len(names) == 0 {
+		callback(nil, E.New("missing name candidates"))
 		return
 	}
-	if len(exchangers) == 1 {
-		exchangers[0](ctx, callback)
-		return
-	}
-	raceCtx, raceCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	state := &raceState{
-		cancel:    raceCancel,
-		remaining: len(exchangers),
-		callback:  callback,
-	}
-	for _, exchanger := range exchangers {
-		exchanger(raceCtx, state.complete)
-	}
-}
-
-type raceState struct {
-	access    sync.Mutex
-	done      bool
-	remaining int
-	errors    []error
-	cancel    context.CancelFunc
-	callback  func(response *mDNS.Msg, err error)
-}
-
-func (s *raceState) complete(response *mDNS.Msg, err error) {
-	s.access.Lock()
-	if s.done {
-		s.access.Unlock()
-		return
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		s.errors = append(s.errors, err)
-		if len(s.errors) < s.remaining {
-			s.access.Unlock()
-			return
+	search := &nameSearchExchange{question: question}
+	nameExchangers := common.Map(names, func(fqdn string) AsyncExchanger {
+		return search.wrap(fqdn, exchangerFor(fqdn))
+	})
+	ExchangeSequential(ctx, nameExchangers, func(response *mDNS.Msg, err error) bool {
+		return err == nil && response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeNameError
+	}, func(response *mDNS.Msg, err error) {
+		if err != nil || response.Rcode == mDNS.RcodeNameError {
+			search.access.Lock()
+			nameErrorResponse := search.nameErrorResponse
+			search.access.Unlock()
+			if nameErrorResponse != nil {
+				response, err = nameErrorResponse, nil
+			}
+		}
+		callback(response, err)
+	})
+}
+
+type nameSearchExchange struct {
+	question          mDNS.Question
+	access            sync.Mutex
+	nameErrorResponse *mDNS.Msg
+}
+
+func (s *nameSearchExchange) wrap(fqdn string, exchanger AsyncExchanger) AsyncExchanger {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, callback func(response *mDNS.Msg, err error)) {
+		exchanger(ctx, func(response *mDNS.Msg, err error) {
+			if err == nil {
+				restoreOriginalQuestion(response, fqdn, s.question)
+				if response.Rcode == mDNS.RcodeNameError {
+					s.access.Lock()
+					if s.nameErrorResponse == nil || fqdn == s.question.Name {
+						s.nameErrorResponse = response
+					}
+					s.access.Unlock()
+				}
+			}
+			callback(response, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Stub resolvers discard Answer RRs whose owner name does not match the question.
+func restoreOriginalQuestion(response *mDNS.Msg, fqdn string, question mDNS.Question) {
+	response.Question = []mDNS.Question{question}
+	for _, record := range response.Answer {
+		if strings.EqualFold(record.Header().Name, fqdn) {
+			record.Header().Name = question.Name
 		}
-		raceErrors := s.errors
-		s.done = true
-		s.access.Unlock()
-		s.cancel()
-		s.callback(nil, E.Errors(raceErrors...))
-		return
 	}
-	s.done = true
-	s.access.Unlock()
-	s.cancel()
-	s.callback(response, nil)
 }
 
 func NewFanOutRequest(message *mDNS.Msg, fqdn string, authenticatedData bool) *mDNS.Msg {
diff --git a/dns/transport/local/local_shared.go b/dns/transport/local/local_shared.go
index 271776c3..b86f6d78 100644
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_shared.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_shared.go
@@ -75,16 +75,9 @@ func (t *Transport) exchangeAsync(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, domain
 		callback(nil, E.New("invalid domain: ", domain))
 		return
 	}
-	nameExchangers := make([]transport.AsyncExchanger, 0, len(names))
-	for _, fqdn := range names {
-		nameExchangers = append(nameExchangers, newNameExchanger(systemConfig, serverSet, message, fqdn))
-	}
-	question := message.Question[0]
-	if systemConfig.SingleRequest || !(question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
-		transport.ExchangeSequential(ctx, nameExchangers, nil, callback)
-	} else {
-		transport.ExchangeRace(ctx, nameExchangers, callback)
-	}
+	transport.ExchangeNames(ctx, names, message.Question[0], func(fqdn string) transport.AsyncExchanger {
+		return newNameExchanger(systemConfig, serverSet, message, fqdn)
+	}, callback)
 }
 
 func newNameExchanger(systemConfig *systemconfig.Config, serverSet *localServerSet, message *mDNS.Msg, fqdn string) transport.AsyncExchanger {
diff --git a/service/resolved/transport.go b/service/resolved/transport.go
index 4e53896f..858cb6b0 100644
--- a/service/resolved/transport.go
+++ b/service/resolved/transport.go
@@ -310,15 +310,9 @@ func (t *Transport) ExchangeAsync(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, callba
 		callback(nil, E.New("invalid domain: ", question.Name))
 		return
 	}
-	nameExchangers := make([]transport.AsyncExchanger, 0, len(names))
-	for _, fqdn := range names {
-		nameExchangers = append(nameExchangers, t.newNameExchanger(servers, message, fqdn))
-	}
-	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
-		transport.ExchangeRace(ctx, nameExchangers, callback)
-	} else {
-		transport.ExchangeSequential(ctx, nameExchangers, nil, callback)
-	}
+	transport.ExchangeNames(ctx, names, question, func(fqdn string) transport.AsyncExchanger {
+		return t.newNameExchanger(servers, message, fqdn)
+	}, callback)
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) newNameExchanger(servers *LinkServers, message *mDNS.Msg, fqdn string) transport.AsyncExchanger {